Authorities
- Artists' Social Insurance Fund (KSK) and KSK levy
- Bundestag
- Commercial register
- Data Protection Conference (DSK)
- District Court
- DPMA
- Ecj
- ECJ
- ENISA (European Cybersecurity Agency)
- EU Commission
- EUIPO
- European Company / Societas Europaea (SE)
- European Data Protection Board (EDSA/EDSB)
- European Parliament
- Federal Administrative Court
- Federal constitutional court
- Federal Council
- Federal Court of Justice (BGH)
- Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin)
- Federal Fiscal Court
- Federal Labor Court
- Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection (BMWK)
- Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection (BMJV)
- Gema
- Higher Regional Court
- Joint gambling authority of the federal states
- Local court
- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
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Company forms
- Association (e.V.)
- Cooperative
- Corporation
- Corporations
- Entrepreneurial company (UG)
- European Company / Societas Europaea (SE)
- European Cooperative Society (SCE)
- European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG)
- Foundation
- GbR - civil law partnership
- General partnership (OHG)
- Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft auf Aktien (GmbH & Co. KGaA)
- GmbH - limited liability company
- GmbH & Co KG
- GmbH & Co. OHG
- Independent professional association
- Investment stock corporation with variable capital
- Limited (Ltd.)
- Limited Liability Company (LLC)
- Limited partnership (KG)
- Partnership
- Partnership company (PartG)
- Partnership limited by shares (KGaA)
- registered trader / e.K.
- shelf company
- Silent society
- Sole proprietor / sole proprietorship
- Stock corporation (AG)
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Concepts
- Age verification systems (AVS)
- Bootstrapping
- Business valuation
- Catfishing
- Compliance
- Cybersquatting
- Doxing
- Due Dilligence
- Greenwashing
- Interpretation of contracts
- Know your customer (KYC)
- Legal Tech
- Obligation to contract
- Patent troll
- Slicing the Pie
- Software licensing and compliance
- Swatting
- Whistleblowing
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Contract types
- Asset Deal
- Brokerage contract
- Buy-out contracts
- Cloud service contract
- Co-production contract
- Contract for work
- Domain registration contract
- Electronic forms of contract conclusion in the software sector
- Escrow agreement
- ESOP agreement
- Hosting contract
- Infrastructure-as-a-Service contract (IaaS)
- IT project contract
- Joint Development Agreement
- Leasing contract
- Letter of Intent (LOI)
- License agreement
- Loan agreement
- Loan agreement
- Management buy-out agreement (MBO)
- Marketing contract Influencer / Streamer
- Memorandum / Articles of Association
- Memorandum of Understanding (MoU)
- NDA - non-disclosure agreement
- Open source license
- Platform-as-a-Service contract (PaaS)
- Player contract (Esport)
- Press wholesale distribution agreement
- Publishing contract
- Research Collaboration Agreement
- Scrum contract
- Service contract
- Service Level Agreement (SLA)
- Share Deal
- Software development contract
- Software maintenance contract
- Software transfer agreement
- Sponsored Research Agreement
- Successive delivery contract
- Terms
- VSOP program
- White Label Agreement
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- Arbitrage clause
- Arbitration clause
- Audit clause
- Break-Up Fee
- Change of control clause
- Clause bans
- Contractual penalty clause
- Customer protection clause
- Drag-Along Clause
- Earn-Out
- Earn-out clause
- Fiduciary Out
- Force Majeure
- Go-Shop commission
- Jurisdiction agreement
- Key Man Clause
- Material Adverse Change (MAC) Clause
- No-shop clause
- No-Solicitation Clause
- Non-solicitation clause
- Reverse break-up fee
- Safeguard clause
- Severability clause
- Tag-Along Clause
- Term clause
- Vesting / vesting clause
- Warranty exclusion
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Forms of financing
- Accelerator program
- Anti-dilution
- Bad Leaver
- Bridge Financing
- Business Angel
- Cap table
- Cliff
- Convertible loan / Convertible note
- Corporate Venture Capital (CVC)
- Crowdfunding
- Down Round
- Factoring
- Family Office
- Financing through tokens/blockchain
- Full Ratchet
- Good Leaver
- Incubator program
- Initial public offering (IPO)
- Liquidation preference
- Mezzanine financing
- Non-Participating Preferred
- Participating Preferred
- Post-money valuation
- Pre-money valuation
- Pre-seed / seed funding
- Private equity
- Prototype Funding
- Public subsidies
- Revenue-Based Financing
- Reverse vesting
- Right of First Offer (ROFO)
- Right of First Refusal (ROFR)
- SAFE (Simple Agreement for Future Equity)
- Sale-and-lease-back
- Seed capital
- Series A Financing
- silent partnership
- SPAC (Special Purpose Acquisition Company)
- Subordinated loan
- Term Sheet
- Up Round
- VC - Venture Capital
- Venture debt
- Weighted Average Ratchet
- Working capital
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Internal
Laws
- Art Copyright Act
- Art Copyright Act (KUG)
- Artificial Intelligence Act (AI Act)
- Asset Investment Act (VermAnlG)
- Button solution
- Button solution
- Civil Code (BGB)
- Code of Civil Procedure (ZPO)
- Commercial Code (HGB)
- Constitution
- Consumer Protection Act
- Copyright Act
- Corporation Tax Act (KStG)
- Crypto Value Transfer Ordinance - KryptoWTransferV
- Data Act
- Design Act (DesignG)
- Digital Markets Act (DMA)
- Digital Operational Reliability Act (DORA)
- Digital Service Act
- Digital Services Act (DDigG)
- DLT Pilot Regime
- DORA
- e-Privacy Policy
- Electronic Securities Act - eWpG
- Electronic Securities Register Ordinance - eWpRV
- Employee Inventions Act (ArbnErfG)
- ePrivacy Regulation
- EU Treaty
- Federal Vacation Act (BUrlG)
- Film Subsidies Act (FFG)
- Fiscal Code (AO)
- Future Financing Act (ZuFinG)
- GDPR
- General Equal Treatment Act (AGG)
- German Banking Act (KWG)
- German Investment Act (VermAnlG)
- German Limited Liability Companies Act (GmbHG)
- German Stock Corporation Act (AktG)
- Growth Opportunities Act (WachChG)
- Income Tax Act (EStG)
- Inheritance Tax and Gift Tax Act (ErbStG)
- Interstate Treaty on the Protection of Minors in the Media (JMStV)
- Investment Tax Act (InvStG)
- IT Security Act (ITSiG)
- Lawyers' Compensation Act (RVG)
- Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCAR).
- Media State Treaty
- Money Laundering Act (GwG)
- Network Enforcement Act
- NIS Directive
- Payment Services Supervision Act (ZAG)
- Price Indication Ordinance (PAngV)
- Prospectus Regulation (EU)
- Service Information Obligations Ordinance (DL-InfoV)
- Software patent
- State Treaty on Gaming - GlüStV
- Telecommunications Act (TKG)
- Telecommunications Act (TKG)
- Telecommunications Telemedia Data Protection Act (TTDSG)
- Telemedia Act (TMG)
- Trade Regulation Act (GewO)
- Trade Secrets Act
- Trade Tax Act (GewStG):
- Trademark Act (MarkenG)
- Uwg
- Value Added Tax Act (UStG)
- Working Hours Act (ArbZG)
- Youth Protection Act
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Legal fields
Legal means
- Action for performance
- Adhesion procedure
- Adjudication
- Alternative dispute resolution
- Appeal against denial of leave to appeal
- Appointment
- Arrest
- Comparison
- Counterclaim
- Declaratory action
- Default judgment
- Design right
- Dunning notice / Enforcement notice
- Early first date
- Escape into default
- Final letter
- Foreclosure
- Guarantee
- Immediate complaint
- Injunction
- Main intervention / secondary intervention
- Mediation
- Notice of dispute
- Objection
- Objection
- Protective letter
- Recognition
- Restoration to the previous status
- Revision
- Step action
- Written preliminary proceedings
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Legal terms
- Abstraction principle
- Acceptance
- Apparent power of attorney
- Appeal against non-admission
- Burden of proof
- Business basis
- Challenge
- Condiction
- Culpa in contrahendo
- Debtor default
- Declaration of injunction
- Declaration of intent
- Dissent
- Disturbing liability
- Electronic signature
- Enrichment law / condiction
- Essentialia negotii
- Forfeiture
- Fraudulent misrepresentation
- Freedom of contract
- Hamburg custom
- Immorality
- Implied action
- Intention
- Invitatio ad offerendum
- Joint litigants / co-litigants / third-party notice
- Legal capacity
- Limitation
- Lis pendens
- Management without mandate (GoA)
- Negligence
- Offsetting
- Ownership
- Power of attorney for acquiescence
- Preclusion
- Principle of territoriality (copyright)
- Property
- Secondary burden of proof
- Substitution
- Termination
- Third-party action
- Transfer of risk
- Triple damage calculation
- Usual remuneration
- Vindication
- Warning
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Other terms
- Completion Bond
- Critical infrastructures (KRITIS)
- Cyberbullying
- Cybergrooming
- Dark Patterns
- Deepfake
- Design / Design
- Double optin procedure
- Lootboxes
- Managing director liability
- Media intermediary
- Metaverse
- Phantom Shares
- Project Company / Project GmbH
- Special Purpose Vehice (SPV)
- Utility model
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Tax
- Advance sales tax return
- Amortization
- Balance sheet
- Business split
- Business tax
- Capital gains tax
- Corporate income tax
- Deduction of operating expenses
- Favorable treatment of retained earnings
- Foreign Tax Act (AStG)
- Income tax
- Loss deduction
- Opt
- Organschaft
- Profit and loss account (P&L)
- Research tax allowance
- Sale of investment
- Withholding tax
- Withholding tax
- Withholding tax
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Guides
All available in:
- The BGB came into force on January 1, 1900 and is the central body of German civil law.
- It consists of five books covering various aspects of civil law.
- General part (§§ 1-240): Regulates basic topics such as legal capacity and declarations of intent.
- Law of obligations (§§ 241-853): Deals with contractual obligations, e.g. purchase and rental agreements.
- Property law (§§ 854-1296): Regulates ownership, possession and land.
- Family law (§§ 1297-1921): Includes topics such as marriage, divorce and custody.
- Inheritance law (§§ 1922-2385): Contains regulations on legal succession, e.g. wills and succession.
Introduction
The German Civil Code (Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, BGB) is the central body of German civil law. It came into force on January 1, 1900 and regulates legal relations between private individuals. The Civil Code is divided into five books that deal with different aspects of civil law.
Structure of the BGB
The BGB is divided into the following five books:
- General Part (§§ 1-240 BGB): Contains basic regulations that apply to all civil law, such as legal capacity, legal capacity and declarations of intent.
- Law of obligations (§§ 241-853 BGB): Regulates debt relationships, i.e. legal relationships in which one party owes performance, such as sales contracts, rental agreements and loan agreements.
- Property law (§§ 854-1296 BGB): Contains regulations on rights to property, such as ownership, possession and land.
- Family law (§§ 1297-1921 BGB): Regulates legal relationships within the family, such as marriage, divorce and custody.
- Law of Succession (Sections 1922-2385 of the German Civil Code): Contains regulations on legal succession by reason of death, such as wills and succession.
Significance of the BGB
The BGB is of central importance to the German legal system. It lays down the foundations for civil law and thus influences the daily lives of citizens in many ways. From contracts to property rights to family law matters, the BGB governs a wide range of legal relationships.
Conclusion
The Civil Code is a fundamental body of law that forms the basis of German civil law. It regulates the private-law relationships of citizens and is thus an indispensable component of the German legal system.