• Mehr als 3 Millionen Wörter Inhalt
  • |
  • info@itmedialaw.com
  • |
  • Tel: 03322 5078053
SAVED POSTS
Rechtsanwalt Marian Härtel - ITMediaLaw

No products in the cart.

  • en English
  • de Deutsch
  • Informationen
    • Ideal partner
    • About lawyer Marian Härtel
    • Quick and flexible access
    • Principles as a lawyer
    • Why a lawyer and business consultant?
    • Focus areas of attorney Marian Härtel
      • Focus on start-ups
      • Investment advice
      • Corporate law
      • Cryptocurrencies, Blockchain and Games
      • AI and SaaS
      • Streamers and influencers
      • Games and esports law
      • IT/IP Law
      • Law firm for GMBH,UG, GbR
      • Law firm for IT/IP and media law
    • The everyday life of an IT lawyer
    • How can I help clients?
    • Testimonials
    • Team: Saskia Härtel – WHO AM I?
    • Agile and lean law firm
    • Price overview
    • Various information
      • Terms
      • Privacy policy
      • Imprint
  • Services
    • Support and advice of agencies
    • Contract review and preparation
    • Games law consulting
    • Consulting for influencers and streamers
    • Advice in e-commerce
    • DLT and Blockchain consulting
    • Legal advice in corporate law: from incorporation to structuring
    • Legal compliance and expert opinions
    • Outsourcing – for companies or law firms
    • Booking as speaker
  • News
    • Gloss / Opinion
    • Law on the Internet
    • Online retail
    • Law and computer games
    • Law and Esport
    • Blockchain and web law
    • Data protection Law
    • Copyright
    • Labour law
    • Competition law
    • Corporate
    • EU law
    • Law on the protection of minors
    • Tax
    • Other
    • Internally
  • Podcast
    • ITMediaLaw Podcast
  • Knowledge base
    • Laws
    • Legal terms
    • Contract types
    • Clause types
    • Forms of financing
    • Legal means
    • Authorities
    • Company forms
    • Tax
    • Concepts
  • Videos
    • Information videos – about Marian Härtel
    • Videos – about me (Couch)
    • Blogpost – individual videos
    • Videos on services
    • Shorts
    • Podcast format
    • Third-party videos
    • Other videos
  • Contact
Kurzberatung
  • Informationen
    • Ideal partner
    • About lawyer Marian Härtel
    • Quick and flexible access
    • Principles as a lawyer
    • Why a lawyer and business consultant?
    • Focus areas of attorney Marian Härtel
      • Focus on start-ups
      • Investment advice
      • Corporate law
      • Cryptocurrencies, Blockchain and Games
      • AI and SaaS
      • Streamers and influencers
      • Games and esports law
      • IT/IP Law
      • Law firm for GMBH,UG, GbR
      • Law firm for IT/IP and media law
    • The everyday life of an IT lawyer
    • How can I help clients?
    • Testimonials
    • Team: Saskia Härtel – WHO AM I?
    • Agile and lean law firm
    • Price overview
    • Various information
      • Terms
      • Privacy policy
      • Imprint
  • Services
    • Support and advice of agencies
    • Contract review and preparation
    • Games law consulting
    • Consulting for influencers and streamers
    • Advice in e-commerce
    • DLT and Blockchain consulting
    • Legal advice in corporate law: from incorporation to structuring
    • Legal compliance and expert opinions
    • Outsourcing – for companies or law firms
    • Booking as speaker
  • News
    • Gloss / Opinion
    • Law on the Internet
    • Online retail
    • Law and computer games
    • Law and Esport
    • Blockchain and web law
    • Data protection Law
    • Copyright
    • Labour law
    • Competition law
    • Corporate
    • EU law
    • Law on the protection of minors
    • Tax
    • Other
    • Internally
  • Podcast
    • ITMediaLaw Podcast
  • Knowledge base
    • Laws
    • Legal terms
    • Contract types
    • Clause types
    • Forms of financing
    • Legal means
    • Authorities
    • Company forms
    • Tax
    • Concepts
  • Videos
    • Information videos – about Marian Härtel
    • Videos – about me (Couch)
    • Blogpost – individual videos
    • Videos on services
    • Shorts
    • Podcast format
    • Third-party videos
    • Other videos
  • Contact
Rechtsanwalt Marian Härtel - ITMediaLaw

Geoblocking: EU Commission imposes fine on game providers

21. January 2021
in Law and computer games
Reading Time: 5 mins read
0 0
A A
0
eu kommission beendet defizitverfahren gegen portugal und kroatien article full
Key Facts
  • The European Commission imposed a fine of EUR 7.8 million on Valve and five publishers for geo-blocking.
  • Valve restricted the cross-border sale of PC video games based on the geographical location of users.
  • Fines for publishers were reduced by more than EUR 6 million as a result of cooperation with the Commission.
  • Over 50% of Europeans play video games; the industry is worth over 17 billion euros.
  • The Commission found that Valve and publishers had illegally divided up the market.
  • Consumers were prevented from activating games sold from Central and Eastern European countries.
  • Any person affected can claim compensation from national courts; a Commission decision is considered binding evidence.

For my original post, see here.

Content Hide
1. Background
2. Fines
3. Background of the investigation
4. Procedural background
5. Action for damages
6. Whistleblower Tool
6.1. Author: Marian Härtel

Background

The European Commission has fined Valve, the owner of the online PC gaming platform “Steam,” and five publishers Bandai Namco, Capcom, Focus Home, Koch Media and ZeniMax EUR 7.8 million for violating EU antitrust rules.

Valve and the other publishers restricted the cross-border sale of certain PC video games based on the geographic location of users within the European Economic Area (“EEA”) by engaging in so-called “geo-blocking.” The fines for the publishers, totaling over €6 million, were reduced due to the companies’ cooperation with the Commission. Valve decided not to cooperate with the Commission and was fined over €1.6 million.

Commission Vice-President Margrethe Vestager, responsible for competition policy, said:

More than 50% of all Europeans play video games. The video games industry in Europe is flourishing and is now worth over 17 billion euros. Today’s sanctions against Valve and five PC publishers’ “geoblocking” practices are a reminder that EU competition law prohibits companies from contractually restricting cross-border sales. Such practices deprive European consumers of the benefits of the EU digital single market and the opportunity to shop around for the best deal in the EU.

Steam is one of the world’s largest online platforms for PC video games, offering more than 35,000 games worldwide. It allows users to directly download or stream PC video games after authentication. In addition, users who purchase PC video games outside of Steam, such as from brick-and-mortar stores (e.g., DVDs) or digitally through downloads from third-party websites, can activate and play video games on Steam.

Valve provides video game publishers with the technical means to activate and play games on Steam, including games purchased outside of Steam, through what are known as “Steam activation keys.” Publishers add these keys to their PC video games for user authentication/activation. The PC video games are then sold by third-party vendors throughout the EEA. Valve also offers publishers a territory control feature that allows for geographic restrictions to be set at activation. Combining Steam activation keys with the territory control feature enables “geoblocking” of PC video games based on the user’s geographic location.

The publishers granted Valve a non-exclusive license to use certain PC video games worldwide, including throughout the EEA. In return, publishers received a license from Valve to use Steam activation keys to distribute these PC video games outside of Steam. Publishers asked Valve to set up geographical restrictions and provide geo-blocked Steam activation keys. The publishers made these keys available to their distributors for the sale and distribution of the PC video games in the Member States concerned. As a result, users located outside of a certain member state were prevented from activating a certain PC video game with Steam activation keys.

The Commission found that Valve and the individual publishers, by bilaterally agreeing to block certain PC video games from outside a specified territory, partitioned the EEA market in violation of EU antitrust rules. Today’s decisions specifically find that Valve and the publishers engaged in the following geoblocking practices:

  • Bilateral agreements and/or concerted practices between Valve and each of the five publishers that used geo-blocked Steam activation keys to prevent the activation of certain of those publishers’ PC video games outside the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania in response to unsolicited consumer requests (so-called “passive sales”). These lasted between one and five years and were implemented between September 2010 and October 2015, depending on the case.
  • Geoblocking practices in the form of licensing and distribution agreements entered into bilaterally between four of the five PC publishers (i.e. Bandai, Focus Home, Koch Media and ZeniMax) and some of their respective PC video game distributors in the EEA (other than Valve), which contained clauses restricting cross-border (passive) sales of the PC video games concerned within the EEA, including the Central and Eastern European countries mentioned above. These typically lasted longer, between three and 11 years, and were implemented between March 2007 and November 2018, depending on the bilateral relationship at the time.

The geoblocking practices affected around 100 PC video games of various genres, including sports, simulation and action games. They prevented consumers from activating and playing PC video games sold by publishers’ distributors either on physical media, such as DVDs, or through downloads. These business practices therefore denied European consumers the benefits of the EU’s Digital Single Market to shop around for the best deal between member states. The Commission has concluded that the illegal practices of Valve and the five publishers have divided the EEA market in violation of EU antitrust rules.

Fines

The fines were set based on the Commission’s 2006 Guidelines on Fines (see press release and MEMO).

The five publishers cooperated with the Commission by providing evidence of added value to the investigation and by expressly acknowledging the facts and the violations of EU antitrust rules.

The Commission therefore granted reductions of the fines depending on the extent of this cooperation, ranging from 10 % (for Bandai, Focus Home, Koch Media and ZeniMax) to 15 % (for Capcom).

The fines imposed on the publishers are distributed as follows:

Video game publisher Reduction for cooperation Fine (€)
Bandai Namco 10 % 340 000 EUR
Capcom 15 % EUR 396 000
Focus Home 10 % EUR 2 888 000
Koch Media 10 % EUR 977 000
ZeniMax 10 % EUR 1 664 000

Valve has decided not to cooperate with the Commission. The Commission therefore issued a prohibition decision against Valve under the ordinary antitrust procedure and imposed a total fine of €1,624,000 on Valve.

Background of the investigation

On February 2, 2017, the Commission opened formal antitrust proceedings regarding the bilateral agreements between Valve Corporation and the other 5 publishers

On April 5, 2019, the Commission sent Valve and the others a Statement of Objections on “geoblocking” of PC video games.

This investigation is a stand-alone proceeding, independent of the Commission’s e-commerce competition law investigation, but follows up on some of the issues identified there.

The investigations into PC video game “geo-blocking” complement Regulation 2018/302 on unjustified “geo-blocking,” which has been in effect across the EU since December 3, 2018.

Procedural background

Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) and Article 53 of the Agreement on the European Economic Area prohibit agreements between undertakings that prevent, restrict or distort competition within the EU’s internal market.

Fines imposed on companies that have violated EU antitrust rules flow into the general EU budget. This money is not earmarked for specific expenditures, but the member states’ contributions to the EU budget for the following year are reduced accordingly. The fines thus contribute to the financing of the EU and reduce the burden on taxpayers.

More information on this case will be available in the public case register on the Commission’s competition website under the case numbers AT.40413; 40414; 40420; 40422; 40424 once confidentiality issues have been resolved.

Action for damages

Any person or business affected by anticompetitive conduct such as that described in this case may bring an action in the courts of the Member States seeking damages. Both the case law of the Court of Justice and Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 confirm that in cases before national courts, a Commission decision is binding evidence that the conduct took place and was unlawful. Even if the Commission has imposed a fine on the cartel participants concerned, damages may be awarded without being reduced on account of the Commission’s fine.

The Antitrust Damages Directive, which member states had to transpose into their legal systems by December 27, 2016, makes it easier for victims of anti-competitive practices to obtain damages.

Whistleblower Tool

The Commission has set up a tool to make it easier for individuals to inform it of anti-competitive behavior while preserving their anonymity. The tool protects the anonymity of whistleblowers through a specially designed encrypted messaging system that allows two-way communication.

 

Marian Härtel
Author: Marian Härtel

Marian Härtel ist Rechtsanwalt und Fachanwalt für IT-Recht mit einer über 25-jährigen Erfahrung als Unternehmer und Berater in den Bereichen Games, E-Sport, Blockchain, SaaS und Künstliche Intelligenz. Seine Beratungsschwerpunkte umfassen neben dem IT-Recht insbesondere das Urheberrecht, Medienrecht sowie Wettbewerbsrecht. Er betreut schwerpunktmäßig Start-ups, Agenturen und Influencer, die er in strategischen Fragen, komplexen Vertragsangelegenheiten sowie bei Investitionsprojekten begleitet. Dabei zeichnet sich seine Beratung durch einen interdisziplinären Ansatz aus, der juristische Expertise und langjährige unternehmerische Erfahrung miteinander verbindet. Ziel seiner Tätigkeit ist stets, Mandanten praxisorientierte Lösungen anzubieten und rechtlich fundierte Unterstützung bei der Umsetzung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle zu gewährleisten.

Tags: AuthenticationCase lawCompetition lawConsumerDamagesdigitalEntscheidungenFinancingInformationKILawsuitLizenzRegulationSanctionWebsites

Weitere spannende Blogposts

BGH on costs in the case of image theft

ECJ: Advocate General assesses sampling as copyright infringement
7. November 2022

The use of images on the Internet in violation of copyright law, especially in blogs and the like, occurs time...

Read moreDetails

AI and contract design

ai generated g63ed67bf8 1280
24. September 2024

Introduction Drafting contracts in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most exciting and challenging tasks of...

Read moreDetails

Terms and Conditions and Prohibited Clauses

Terms and Conditions and Prohibited Clauses
1. March 2019

Prohibited clauses in player contracts of esport teams A few days ago, I reported how many types of contracts are...

Read moreDetails

How to develop your own board games without violating copyrights.

How to develop your own board games without violating copyrights.
29. December 2022

What laws should you follow to avoid violating copyrights? In Germany, copyright law is a complex issue. Therefore, to avoid...

Read moreDetails

Affiliate links must be labeled as advertising

Attention: Affiliates on YouTube, gaming websites and other networks
13. August 2024

In a recent ruling (Ref. 29 U 1582/19), the Munich Higher Regional Court clarified that online teasers with affiliate links...

Read moreDetails

Attention when downloading and using photos

ECJ: Advocate General assesses sampling as copyright infringement
10. April 2019

For this reason, I would also like to refer here in the blog a brief reference to the so-called Cordoba...

Read moreDetails

Online retailer: information about warranty terms

Attention: Vouchers to existing customers can be advertising!
13. March 2019

A popular warning topic for online retailers, be it in their own online store or on trading platforms such as...

Read moreDetails

Influencer/Sneaky Advertising on Twitter

judge plays videogames in his spare time
17. January 2019

On the subject of influencer advertising, I've already said quite a bit here on the blog and in recently pointed...

Read moreDetails

NFT and prospectus requirement

nft g2a667756c 1920
7. November 2022

The issue of whether and when the sale or trading of NFTs is subject to the prospectus requirement is brand...

Read moreDetails
Q&A: Legal issues for game developers
Law and computer games

5-day guide: Founding a game development studio

5. August 2025

As a support for young studios, this series summarizes the essential steps for founding a game development company. The guide...

Read moreDetails
EU Inc: Why Europe needs a unified startup society now

EU Inc: Why Europe needs a unified startup society now

22. July 2025
BGH considers Uber Black to be anti-competitive

BGH shakes up the coaching industry – What applies now?

21. July 2025
Growth hacking and viral marketing – legal requirements

Games funding 2025 – back at last!

20. July 2025
Ownership of software – Who actually owns the code?

Ownership of software – Who actually owns the code?

14. July 2025

Podcastfolge

Looking to the future: How technology is changing the law

Looking to the future: How technology is changing the law

18. February 2025

In the final episode of the first season of the ITmedialaw.com podcast, we take a look at the future of...

Read moreDetails
092def0649c76ad70f0883df970929cb

Influencers and gaming: legal challenges in the digital entertainment world

26. September 2024
9e9bbb286e0d24cb5ca04eccc9b0c902

Legal challenges of innovative business models

1. October 2024
75df8eaa33cd7d3975a96b022c65c6e4

Life as an IT lawyer, work-life balance, family and my career

26. September 2024
d00527fd01b1f807a4f80c0f202069e7

Legal basics for startup founders – how to start on the safe side!

9. November 2024

Video

My transparent billing

My transparent billing

10. February 2025

In this video, I talk a bit about transparent billing and how I communicate what it costs to work with...

Read moreDetails
Fascination between law and technology

Fascination between law and technology

10. February 2025
My two biggest challenges are?

My two biggest challenges are?

10. February 2025
What really makes me happy

What really makes me happy

10. February 2025
What I love about my job!

What I love about my job!

10. February 2025
  • Privacy policy
  • Imprint
  • Contact
  • About lawyer Marian Härtel
Marian Härtel, Rathenaustr. 58a, 14612 Falkensee, info@itmedialaw.com

Marian Härtel - Rechtsanwalt für IT-Recht, Medienrecht und Startups, mit einem Fokus auf innovative Geschäftsmodelle, Games, KI und Finanzierungsberatung.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password? Sign Up

Create New Account!

Fill the forms below to register

All fields are required. Log In

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
  • Informationen
    • Ideal partner
    • About lawyer Marian Härtel
    • Quick and flexible access
    • Principles as a lawyer
    • Why a lawyer and business consultant?
    • Focus areas of attorney Marian Härtel
      • Focus on start-ups
      • Investment advice
      • Corporate law
      • Cryptocurrencies, Blockchain and Games
      • AI and SaaS
      • Streamers and influencers
      • Games and esports law
      • IT/IP Law
      • Law firm for GMBH,UG, GbR
      • Law firm for IT/IP and media law
    • The everyday life of an IT lawyer
    • How can I help clients?
    • Testimonials
    • Team: Saskia Härtel – WHO AM I?
    • Agile and lean law firm
    • Price overview
    • Various information
      • Terms
      • Privacy policy
      • Imprint
  • Services
    • Support and advice of agencies
    • Contract review and preparation
    • Games law consulting
    • Consulting for influencers and streamers
    • Advice in e-commerce
    • DLT and Blockchain consulting
    • Legal advice in corporate law: from incorporation to structuring
    • Legal compliance and expert opinions
    • Outsourcing – for companies or law firms
    • Booking as speaker
  • News
    • Gloss / Opinion
    • Law on the Internet
    • Online retail
    • Law and computer games
    • Law and Esport
    • Blockchain and web law
    • Data protection Law
    • Copyright
    • Labour law
    • Competition law
    • Corporate
    • EU law
    • Law on the protection of minors
    • Tax
    • Other
    • Internally
  • Podcast
    • ITMediaLaw Podcast
  • Knowledge base
    • Laws
    • Legal terms
    • Contract types
    • Clause types
    • Forms of financing
    • Legal means
    • Authorities
    • Company forms
    • Tax
    • Concepts
  • Videos
    • Information videos – about Marian Härtel
    • Videos – about me (Couch)
    • Blogpost – individual videos
    • Videos on services
    • Shorts
    • Podcast format
    • Third-party videos
    • Other videos
  • Contact
  • en English
  • de Deutsch
Kostenlose Kurzberatung