Twitter must also delete core-like violations

The Frankfurt am Main Regional Court has ruled: Affected persons can demand that Twitter delete false or defamatory tweets about them. Twitter must also remove analogous comments with an identical core of the statement as soon as it becomes aware of the specific violation of personality rights.

Key Facts

The Frankfurt am Main Regional Court rules: Twitter must delete false or defamatory tweets as soon as it becomes aware of them.
Allegations about the anti-Semitism commissioner of Baden-Württemberg were classified as untrue.
Statements that have the same form of expression are also affected by the cease and desist order.
Twitter does not have a general monitoring obligation for all 237 million users.
The obligation to check only applies to specific infringements of personal rights.
Comments informing about inclusion in a list of anti-Semites are permitted.
The judgment is not final and may be appealed.

In September 2022, various comments appeared on Twitter in which it was claimed, contrary to the truth, that the anti-Semitism commissioner of the state of Baden-Württemberg had “a closeness to pedophilia” and that he had “had a fling.” It was also spread about him that he was involved in “anti-Semitic scandals” and that he was “part of an anti-Semitic pack.”

The competent press chamber of the Frankfurt am Main Regional Court determined in summary proceedings that these defamatory allegations were untrue. The designation as an anti-Semite is initially an expression of opinion. However, it was unlawful, at least in the chosen context, because it did not contribute to the formation of public opinion and was recognizably aimed at creating a mood against the anti-Semitism commissioner in an emotionalizing form.

After the anti-Semitism commissioner demanded the removal of these comments, Twitter should have immediately ceased and desisted their dissemination. In addition, the Board ruled:

“The cease-and-desist order applies not only if a statement is repeated word for word, but also if the messages contained therein are republished in the same sense.

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And further:

“The comments are not prohibited in any context. Only those comments are affected that are to be regarded as equivalent and that have an identical core of expression despite certain deviations.

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Twitter is therefore not subject to a general monitoring obligation with regard to its approximately 237 million users. A duty to examine exists only with regard to the specific infringement of the right of personality complained of.

“German law requires every obligated party to a cease-and-desist order to determine for itself whether the characteristic of the specific form of infringement is expressed in a modification and is therefore similar in essence. Twitter is therefore in no different situation than if a specific infringement is reported. In this case, too, Twitter must examine whether or not this infringement requires deletion.

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However, the chamber considered a user’s statement that the anti-Semitism commissioner of the state of Baden-Württemberg had been included in the list of the world’s biggest anti-Semites published annually by the Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles to be admissible. Regardless of whether inclusion on this list is justified, information about it should be provided. The anti-Semitism officer would have to defend himself against this in the public battle of opinion.

The judgment (Case No. 2-03 O 325/22) is not final. It can be appealed to the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main. However, the operative part corresponds to the usual decisions in the field of statements and competition law, which is why a divergent decision by the Frankfurt Higher Regional Court cannot be assumed.

Author: Marian Härtel

Marian Härtel ist Rechtsanwalt und Fachanwalt für IT-Recht mit einer über 25-jährigen Erfahrung als Unternehmer und Berater in den Bereichen Games, E-Sport, Blockchain, SaaS und Künstliche Intelligenz. Seine Beratungsschwerpunkte umfassen neben dem IT-Recht insbesondere das Urheberrecht, Medienrecht sowie Wettbewerbsrecht. Er betreut schwerpunktmäßig Start-ups, Agenturen und Influencer, die er in strategischen Fragen, komplexen Vertragsangelegenheiten sowie bei Investitionsprojekten begleitet. Dabei zeichnet sich seine Beratung durch einen interdisziplinären Ansatz aus, der juristische Expertise und langjährige unternehmerische Erfahrung miteinander verbindet. Ziel seiner Tätigkeit ist stets, Mandanten praxisorientierte Lösungen anzubieten und rechtlich fundierte Unterstützung bei der Umsetzung innovativer Geschäftsmodelle zu gewährleisten.